Australian Curriculum topics

Every English and Mathematics content description, Prep–Year 7 — each one a topic Bloomi teaches and practises. Tap any code to learn what it means and how NAPLAN tests it.

Foundation

AC9EFLA01explore how language is used differently at home and school depending on the relationships between people AC9EFLA02explore different ways of using language to express preferences, likes and dislikes AC9EFLA03understand that texts can take many forms such as signs, books and digital texts AC9EFLA04understand conventions of print and screen, including how books and simple digital texts are usually organised AC9EFLA05recognise that sentences are key units for expressing ideas AC9EFLA06recognise that sentences are made up of groups of words that work together in particular ways to make meaning AC9EFLA07explore the contribution of images and words to meaning in stories and informative texts AC9EFLA08recognise and develop awareness of vocabulary used in familiar contexts related to everyday experiences, personal interests and topics taught at school AC9EFLA09identify punctuation as a feature of written text different from letters; recognise that capital letters are used for names, and that capital letters also signal the beginning of sentences while punctuation marks signal the end AC9EFLE01share ideas about stories, poems and images in literature, reflecting on experiences that are similar or different to their own by engaging with texts by First Nations Australian, and wide-ranging Australian and world authors and illustrators AC9EFLE02respond to stories and share feelings and thoughts about their events and characters AC9EFLE03recognise different types of literary texts and identify features including events, characters, and beginnings and endings AC9EFLE04explore and replicate the rhythms and sound patterns of literary texts such as poems, rhymes and songs AC9EFLE05retell and adapt familiar literary texts through play, performance, images or writing AC9EFLY01identify some familiar texts, such as stories and informative texts, and their purpose AC9EFLY02interact in informal and structured situations by listening while others speak and using features of voice including volume levels AC9EFLY03identify some differences between imaginative and informative texts AC9EFLY04read decodable and authentic texts using developing phonic knowledge, and monitor meaning using context and emerging grammatical knowledge AC9EFLY05use comprehension strategies such as visualising, predicting, connecting, summarising and questioning to understand and discuss texts listened to, viewed or read independently AC9EFLY06create and participate in shared editing of short written texts to record and report ideas and events using some learnt vocabulary, basic sentence boundary punctuation and spelling some consonant–vowel–consonant words correctly AC9EFLY07create and deliver short spoken texts to report ideas and events to peers, using features of voice such as appropriate volume AC9EFLY08form most lower-case and upper-case letters using learnt letter formations AC9EFLY09recognise and generate rhyming words, alliteration patterns, syllables and sounds (phonemes) in spoken words (phonological awareness)AC9EFLY10segment sentences into individual words; orally blend and segment single-syllable spoken words; isolate, blend and manipulate phonemes in single-syllable words (phonological awareness)AC9EFLY11recognise and name all upper- and lower-case letters (graphs) and know the most common sound that each letter represents AC9EFLY12write consonant–vowel–consonant (CVC) words by representing sounds with the appropriate letters, and blend sounds associated with letters when reading CVC words AC9EFLY13use knowledge of letters and sounds to spell words AC9EFLY14read and write some high-frequency words and other familiar words AC9EFLY15understand that words are units of meaning and can be made of more than one meaningful part AC9MFA01recognise, copy and continue repeating patterns represented in different ways AC9MFM01identify and compare attributes of objects and events, including length, capacity, mass and duration, using direct comparisons and communicating reasoning AC9MFM02sequence days of the week and times of the day including morning, lunchtime, afternoon and night time, and connect them to familiar events and actions AC9MFN01name, represent and order numbers including zero to at least 20, using physical and virtual materials and numerals AC9MFN02recognise and name the number of objects within a collection up to 5 using subitising AC9MFN03quantify and compare collections to at least 20 using counting and explain or demonstrate reasoning AC9MFN04partition and combine collections up to 10 using part-part-whole relationships and subitising to recognise and name the parts AC9MFN05represent practical situations involving addition, subtraction and quantification with physical and virtual materials and use counting or subitising strategies AC9MFN06represent practical situations that involve equal sharing and grouping with physical and virtual materials and use counting or subitising strategies AC9MFSP01sort, name and create familiar shapes; recognise and describe familiar shapes within objects in the environment, giving reasons AC9MFSP02describe the position and location of themselves and objects in relation to other people and objects within a familiar space AC9MFST01collect, sort and compare data represented by objects and images in response to given investigative questions that relate to familiar situations

Year 1

AC9E1LA01understand how language, facial expressions and gestures are used to interact with others when asking for and providing information, making offers, exclaiming, requesting and giving commands AC9E1LA02explore language to provide reasons for likes, dislikes and preferences AC9E1LA03explore how texts are organised according to their purpose, such as to recount, narrate, express opinion, inform, report and explain AC9E1LA04explore how repetition, rhyme and rhythm create cohesion in simple poems, chants and songs AC9E1LA05understand how print and screen texts are organised using features such as page numbers, tables of content, headings and titles, navigation buttons, swipe screens, verbal commands, links and images AC9E1LA06understand that a simple sentence consists of a single independent clause representing a single event or idea AC9E1LA07understand that words can represent people, places and things (nouns, including pronouns), happenings and states (verbs), qualities (adjectives) and details such as when, where and how (adverbs)AC9E1LA08compare how images in different types of texts contribute to meaning AC9E1LA09recognise the vocabulary of learning area topics AC9E1LA10understand that written language uses punctuation such as full stops, question marks and exclamation marks, and uses capital letters for familiar proper nouns AC9E1LE01discuss how language and images are used to create characters, settings and events in literature by First Nations Australian, and wide-ranging Australian and world authors and illustrators AC9E1LE02discuss literary texts and share responses by making connections with students’ own experiences AC9E1LE03discuss plot, character and setting, which are features of stories AC9E1LE04listen to and discuss poems, chants, rhymes and songs, and imitate and invent sound patterns including alliteration and rhyme AC9E1LE05orally retell or adapt a familiar story using plot and characters, language features including vocabulary, and structure of a familiar text, through role-play, writing, drawing or digital tools AC9E1LY01discuss different texts and identify some features that indicate their purposes AC9E1LY02use interaction skills including turn-taking, speaking clearly, using active listening behaviours and responding to the contributions of others, and contributing ideas and questions AC9E1LY03describe some similarities and differences between imaginative, informative and persuasive texts AC9E1LY04read decodable and authentic texts using developing phonic knowledge, phrasing and fluency, and monitoring meaning using context and grammatical knowledge AC9E1LY05use comprehension strategies such as visualising, predicting, connecting, summarising and questioning when listening, viewing and reading to build literal and inferred meaning by drawing on vocabulary and growing knowledge of context and text structures AC9E1LY06create and re-read to edit short written and/or multimodal texts to report on a topic, express an opinion or recount a real or imagined event, using grammatically correct simple sentences, some topic-specific vocabulary, sentence boundary punctuation and correct spelling of some one- and two-syllable words AC9E1LY07create and deliver short oral and/or multimodal presentations on personal and learnt topics, which include an opening, middle and concluding statement; some topic-specific vocabulary and appropriate gesture, volume and pace AC9E1LY08write words using unjoined lower-case and upper-case letters AC9E1LY09segment words into separate phonemes (sounds) including consonant blends or clusters at the beginnings and ends of words (phonological awareness)AC9E1LY10orally manipulate phonemes in spoken words by addition, deletion and substitution of initial, medial and final phonemes to generate new words (phonological awareness)AC9E1LY11use short vowels, common long vowels, consonant blends and digraphs to write words, and blend these to read one- and two-syllable words AC9E1LY12understand that a letter can represent more than one sound and that a syllable must contain a vowel sound AC9E1LY13spell one- and two-syllable words with common letter patterns AC9E1LY14read and write an increasing number of high-frequency words AC9E1LY15recognise and know how to use grammatical morphemes to create word families AC9M1A01recognise, continue and create pattern sequences, with numbers, symbols, shapes and objects, formed by skip counting, initially by twos, fives and tens AC9M1A02recognise, continue and create repeating patterns with numbers, symbols, shapes and objects, identifying the repeating unit AC9M1M01compare directly and indirectly and order objects and events using attributes of length, mass, capacity and duration, communicating reasoning AC9M1M02measure the length of shapes and objects using informal units, recognising that units need to be uniform and used end-to-end AC9M1M03describe the duration and sequence of events using years, months, weeks, days and hours AC9M1N01recognise, represent and order numbers to at least 120 using physical and virtual materials, numerals, number lines and charts AC9M1N02partition one- and two-digit numbers in different ways using physical and virtual materials, including partitioning two-digit numbers into tens and ones AC9M1N03quantify sets of objects, to at least 120, by partitioning collections into equal groups using number knowledge and skip counting AC9M1N04add and subtract numbers within 20, using physical and virtual materials, part-part-whole knowledge to 10 and a variety of calculation strategies AC9M1N05use mathematical modelling to solve practical problems involving additive situations including simple money transactions; represent the situations with diagrams, physical and virtual materials, and use calculation strategies to solve the problem AC9M1N06use mathematical modelling to solve practical problems involving equal sharing and grouping; represent the situations with diagrams, physical and virtual materials, and use calculation strategies to solve the problem AC9M1SP01make, compare and classify familiar shapes; recognise familiar shapes and objects in the environment, identifying the similarities and differences between them AC9M1SP02give and follow directions to move people and objects to different locations within a space AC9M1ST01acquire and record data for categorical variables in various ways including using digital tools, objects, images, drawings, lists, tally marks and symbols AC9M1ST02represent collected data for a categorical variable using one-to-one displays and digital tools where appropriate; compare the data using frequencies and discuss the findings

Year 2

AC9E2LA01investigate how interpersonal language choices vary depending on the context, including the different roles taken on in interactions AC9E2LA02explore how language can be used for appreciating texts and providing reasons for preferences AC9E2LA03identify how texts across the curriculum are organised differently and use language features depending on purposes AC9E2LA04understand how texts are made cohesive by using personal and possessive pronouns and by omitting words that can be inferred AC9E2LA05navigate print and screen texts using chapters, tables of contents, indexes, side-bar menus, drop-down menus or links AC9E2LA06understand that connections can be made between ideas by using a compound sentence with 2 or more independent clauses usually linked by a coordinating conjunction AC9E2LA07understand that in sentences nouns may be extended into noun groups using articles and adjectives, and verbs may be expressed as verb groups AC9E2LA08understand that images add to or multiply the meanings of a text AC9E2LA09experiment with and begin to make conscious choices of vocabulary to suit the topic AC9E2LA10recognise that capital letters are used in titles and commas are used to separate items in lists AC9E2LE01discuss how characters and settings are connected in literature created by First Nations Australian, and wide-ranging Australian and world authors and illustrators AC9E2LE02identify features of literary texts, such as characters and settings, and give reasons for personal preferences AC9E2LE03discuss the characters and settings of a range of texts and identify how language is used to present these features in different ways AC9E2LE04identify, reproduce and experiment with rhythmic sound and word patterns in poems, chants, rhymes or songs AC9E2LE05create and edit literary texts by adapting structures and language features of familiar literary texts through drawing, writing, performance and digital tools AC9E2LY01identify how similar topics and information are presented in different types of texts AC9E2LY02use interaction skills when engaging with topics, actively listening to others, receiving instructions and extending own ideas, speaking appropriately, expressing and responding to opinions, making statements, and giving instructions AC9E2LY03identify the purpose and audience of imaginative, informative and persuasive texts AC9E2LY04read texts with phrasing and fluency, using phonic and word knowledge, and monitoring meaning by re-reading and self-correcting AC9E2LY05use comprehension strategies such as visualising, predicting, connecting, summarising, monitoring and questioning to build literal and inferred meaning AC9E2LY06create and edit short imaginative, informative and persuasive written and/or multimodal texts for familiar audiences, using text structure appropriate to purpose, simple and compound sentences, noun groups and verb groups, topic-specific vocabulary, simple punctuation and common 2-syllable words AC9E2LY07create, rehearse and deliver short oral and/or multimodal presentations for familiar audiences and purposes, using text structure appropriate to purpose and topic-specific vocabulary, and varying tone, volume and pace AC9E2LY08write words legibly and with growing fluency using unjoined upper-case and lower-case letters AC9E2LY09manipulate more complex sounds in spoken words and use knowledge of blending, segmenting, phoneme deletion and phoneme substitution to read and write words AC9E2LY10use phoneme–grapheme (sound–letter/s) matches, including vowel digraphs, less common long vowel patterns, consonant clusters and silent letters when reading and writing words of one or more syllables, including compound words AC9E2LY11use knowledge of spelling patterns and morphemes to read and write words whose spelling is not completely predictable from their sounds, including high-frequency words AC9E2LY12build morphemic word families using knowledge of prefixes and suffixes AC9M2A01recognise, describe and create additive patterns that increase or decrease by a constant amount, using numbers, shapes and objects, and identify missing elements in the pattern AC9M2A02recall and demonstrate proficiency with addition facts to 20; extend and apply facts to develop related subtraction facts AC9M2A03recall and demonstrate proficiency with multiplication facts for twos; extend and apply facts to develop the related division facts using doubling and halving AC9M2M01measure and compare objects based on length, capacity and mass using appropriate uniform informal units and smaller units for accuracy when necessary AC9M2M02identify common uses and represent halves, quarters and eighths in relation to shapes, objects and events AC9M2M03identify the date and determine the number of days between events using calendars AC9M2M04recognise and read the time represented on an analog clock to the hour, half-hour and quarter-hour AC9M2M05identify, describe and demonstrate quarter, half, three-quarter and full measures of turn in everyday situations AC9M2N01recognise, represent and order numbers to at least 1000 using physical and virtual materials, numerals and number lines AC9M2N02partition, rearrange, regroup and rename two- and three-digit numbers using standard and non-standard groupings; recognise the role of a zero digit in place value notation AC9M2N03recognise and describe one-half as one of 2 equal parts of a whole and connect halves, quarters and eighths through repeated halving AC9M2N04add and subtract one- and two-digit numbers, representing problems using number sentences, and solve using part-part-whole reasoning and a variety of calculation strategies AC9M2N05multiply and divide by one-digit numbers using repeated addition, equal grouping, arrays, and partitioning to support a variety of calculation strategies AC9M2N06use mathematical modelling to solve practical problems involving additive and multiplicative situations, including money transactions; represent situations and choose calculation strategies; interpret and communicate solutions in terms of the situation AC9M2SP01recognise, compare and classify shapes, referencing the number of sides and using spatial terms such as “opposite”, “parallel”, “curved” and “straight”AC9M2SP02locate positions in two-dimensional representations of a familiar space; move positions by following directions and pathways AC9M2ST01acquire data for categorical variables through surveys, observation, experiment and using digital tools; sort data into relevant categories and display data using lists and tables AC9M2ST02create different graphical representations of data using software where appropriate; compare the different representations, identify and describe common and distinctive features in response to questions

Year 3

AC9E3LA01understand that cooperation with others depends on shared understanding of social conventions, including turn-taking language, which vary according to the degree of formality AC9E3LA02understand how the language of evaluation and emotion, such as modal verbs, can be varied to be more or less forceful AC9E3LA03describe how texts across the curriculum use different language features and structures relevant to their purpose AC9E3LA04understand that paragraphs are a key organisational feature of the stages of written texts, grouping related information together AC9E3LA05identify the purpose of layout features in print and digital texts and the words used for navigation AC9E3LA06understand that a clause is a unit of grammar usually containing a subject and a verb that need to agree AC9E3LA07understand how verbs represent different processes for doing, feeling, thinking, saying and relating AC9E3LA08understand that verbs are anchored in time through tense AC9E3LA09identify how images extend the meaning of a text AC9E3LA10extend topic-specific and technical vocabulary and know that words can have different meanings in different contexts AC9E3LA11understand that apostrophes signal missing letters in contractions, and apostrophes are used to show singular and plural possession AC9E3LE01discuss characters, events and settings in different contexts in literature by First Nations Australian, and wide-ranging Australian and world authors and illustrators AC9E3LE02discuss connections between personal experiences and character experiences in literary texts and share personal preferences AC9E3LE03discuss how an author uses language and illustrations to portray characters and settings in texts, and explore how the settings and events influence the mood of the narrative AC9E3LE04discuss the effects of some literary devices used to enhance meaning and shape the reader’s reaction, including rhythm and onomatopoeia in poetry and prose AC9E3LE05create and edit imaginative texts, using or adapting language features, characters, settings, plot structures and ideas encountered in literary texts AC9E3LY01recognise how texts can be created for similar purposes but different audiences AC9E3LY02use interaction skills to contribute to conversations and discussions to share information and ideas AC9E3LY03identify the audience and purpose of imaginative, informative and persuasive texts through their use of language features and/or images AC9E3LY04read a range of texts using phonic, semantic and grammatical knowledge to read accurately and fluently, re-reading and self-correcting when required AC9E3LY05use comprehension strategies when listening and viewing to build literal and inferred meaning, and begin to evaluate texts by drawing on a growing knowledge of context, text structures and language features AC9E3LY06plan, create, edit and publish imaginative, informative and persuasive written and multimodal texts, using visual features, appropriate form and layout, with ideas grouped in simple paragraphs, mostly correct tense, topic-specific vocabulary and correct spelling of most high-frequency and phonetically regular words AC9E3LY07plan, create, rehearse and deliver short oral and/or multimodal presentations to inform, express opinions or tell stories, using a clear structure, details to elaborate ideas, topic-specific and precise vocabulary, visual features, and appropriate tone, pace, pitch and volume AC9E3LY08write words using joined letters that are clearly formed and consistent in size AC9E3LY09understand how to apply knowledge of phoneme–grapheme (sound–letter) relationships, syllables, and blending and segmenting to fluently read and write multisyllabic words with more complex letter patterns AC9E3LY10understand how to apply knowledge of common base words, prefixes, suffixes and generalisations for adding a suffix to a base word to read and comprehend new multimorphemic words AC9E3LY11use phoneme–grapheme (sound–letter) relationships and less common letter patterns to spell words AC9E3LY12recognise and know how to write most high-frequency words including some homophones AC9M3A01recognise and explain the connection between addition and subtraction as inverse operations, apply to partition numbers and find unknown values in number sentences AC9M3A02extend and apply knowledge of addition and subtraction facts to 20 to develop efficient mental strategies for computation with larger numbers without a calculator AC9M3A03recall and demonstrate proficiency with multiplication facts for \(3, 4, 5\) and \(10\); extend and apply facts to develop the related division facts AC9M3M01identify which metric units are used to measure everyday items; use measurements of familiar items and known units to make estimates AC9M3M02measure and compare objects using familiar metric units of length, mass and capacity, and instruments with labelled markings AC9M3M03recognise and use the relationship between formal units of time including days, hours, minutes and seconds to estimate and compare the duration of events AC9M3M04describe the relationship between the hours and minutes on analog and digital clocks, and read the time to the nearest minute AC9M3M05identify angles as measures of turn and compare angles with right angles in everyday situations AC9M3M06recognise the relationships between dollars and cents and represent money values in different ways AC9M3N01recognise, represent and order natural numbers using naming and writing conventions for numerals beyond 10 000 AC9M3N02recognise and represent unit fractions including \(\frac12\), \(\frac13\), \(\frac14\), \(\frac15\) and \(\frac1{10}\) and their multiples in different ways; combine fractions with the same denominator to complete the whole AC9M3N03add and subtract two- and three-digit numbers using place value to partition, rearrange and regroup numbers to assist in calculations without a calculator AC9M3N04multiply and divide one- and two-digit numbers, representing problems using number sentences, diagrams and arrays, and using a variety of calculation strategies AC9M3N05estimate the quantity of objects in collections and make estimates when solving problems to determine the reasonableness of calculations AC9M3N06use mathematical modelling to solve practical problems involving additive and multiplicative situations including financial contexts; formulate problems using number sentences and choose calculation strategies, using digital tools where appropriate; interpret and communicate solutions in terms of the situation AC9M3N07follow and create algorithms involving a sequence of steps and decisions to investigate numbers; describe any emerging patterns AC9M3P01identify practical activities and everyday events involving chance; describe possible outcomes and events as ‘likely’ or ‘unlikely’ and identify some events as ‘certain’ or ‘impossible’ explaining reasoning AC9M3P02conduct repeated chance experiments; identify and describe possible outcomes, record the results, recognise and discuss the variation AC9M3SP01make, compare and classify objects, identifying key features and explaining why these features make them suited to their uses AC9M3SP02interpret and create two-dimensional representations of familiar environments, locating key landmarks and objects relative to each other AC9M3ST01acquire data for categorical and discrete numerical variables to address a question of interest or purpose by observing, collecting and accessing data sets; record the data using appropriate methods including frequency tables and spreadsheets AC9M3ST02create and compare different graphical representations of data sets including using software where appropriate; interpret the data in terms of the context AC9M3ST03conduct guided statistical investigations involving the collection, representation and interpretation of data for categorical and discrete numerical variables with respect to questions of interest

Year 4

AC9E4LA01explore language used to develop relationships in formal and informal situations AC9E4LA02identify the subjective language of opinion and feeling, and the objective language of factual reporting AC9E4LA03identify how texts across the curriculum have different language features and are typically organised into characteristic stages depending on purposes AC9E4LA04identify how text connectives including temporal and conditional words, and topic word associations are used to sequence and connect ideas AC9E4LA05identify text navigation features of online texts that enhance readability including headlines, drop-down menus, links, graphics and layout AC9E4LA06understand that complex sentences contain one independent clause and at least one dependent clause typically joined by a subordinating conjunction to create relationships, such as time and causality AC9E4LA07investigate how quoted (direct) and reported (indirect) speech are used AC9E4LA08understand how adverb groups/phrases and prepositional phrases work in different ways to provide circumstantial details about an activity AC9E4LA09understand past, present and future tenses and their impact on meaning in a sentence AC9E4LA10explore the effect of choices when framing an image, placement of elements in the image and salience on composition of still and moving images in texts AC9E4LA11expand vocabulary by exploring a range of synonyms and antonyms, and using words encountered in a range of sources AC9E4LA12understand that punctuation signals dialogue through quotation marks and that dialogue follows conventions for the use of capital letters, commas and boundary punctuation AC9E4LE01recognise similar storylines, ideas and relationships in different contexts in literary texts by First Nations Australian, and wide-ranging Australian and world authors AC9E4LE02describe the effects of text structures and language features in literary texts when responding to and sharing opinions AC9E4LE03discuss how authors and illustrators make stories engaging by the way they develop character, setting and plot tensions AC9E4LE04examine the use of literary devices and deliberate word play in literary texts, including poetry, to shape meaning AC9E4LE05create and edit literary texts by developing storylines, characters and settings AC9E4LY01compare texts from different times with similar purposes and audiences to identify similarities and differences in their depictions of events AC9E4LY02listen for key points and information to carry out tasks and contribute to discussions, acknowledging another opinion, linking a response to the topic, and sharing and extending ideas and information AC9E4LY03identify the characteristic features used in imaginative, informative and persuasive texts to meet the purpose of the text AC9E4LY04read different types of texts, integrating phonic, semantic and grammatical knowledge to read accurately and fluently, re-reading and self-correcting when needed AC9E4LY05use comprehension strategies such as visualising, predicting, connecting, summarising, monitoring and questioning to build literal and inferred meaning, to expand topic knowledge and ideas, and evaluate texts AC9E4LY06plan, create, edit and publish written and multimodal imaginative, informative and persuasive texts, using visual features, relevant linked ideas, complex sentences, appropriate tense, synonyms and antonyms, correct spelling of multisyllabic words and simple punctuation AC9E4LY07plan, create, rehearse and deliver structured oral and/or multimodal presentations to report on a topic, tell a story, recount events or present an argument using subjective and objective language, complex sentences, visual features, tone, pace, pitch and volume AC9E4LY08write words using clearly formed joined letters, with developing fluency and automaticity AC9E4LY09understand how to use and apply phonological and morphological knowledge to read and write multisyllabic words with more complex letter combinations, including a variety of vowel sounds and known prefixes and suffixes AC9E4LY10understand how to use knowledge of letter patterns, including double letters, spelling generalisations, morphological word families, common prefixes and suffixes, and word origins, to spell more complex words AC9E4LY11read and write high-frequency words including homophones and know how to use context to identify correct spelling AC9M4A01find unknown values in numerical equations involving addition and subtraction, using the properties of numbers and operations AC9M4A02recall and demonstrate proficiency with multiplication facts up to 10 x 10 and related division facts; extend and apply facts to develop efficient mental strategies for computation with larger numbers without a calculator AC9M4M01interpret unmarked and partial units when measuring and comparing attributes of length, mass, capacity, duration and temperature, using scaled and digital instruments and appropriate units AC9M4M02recognise ways of measuring and approximating the perimeter and area of shapes and enclosed spaces, using appropriate formal and informal units AC9M4M03solve problems involving the duration of time including situations involving “am” and “pm” and conversions between units of time AC9M4M04estimate and compare angles using angle names including acute, obtuse, straight angle, reflex and revolution, and recognise their relationship to a right angle AC9M4N01recognise and extend the application of place value to tenths and hundredths and use the conventions of decimal notation to name and represent decimals AC9M4N02explain and use the properties of odd and even numbers AC9M4N03find equivalent representations of fractions using related denominators and make connections between fractions and decimal notation AC9M4N04count by fractions including mixed numerals; locate and represent these fractions as numbers on number lines AC9M4N05solve problems involving multiplying or dividing natural numbers by multiples and powers of 10 without a calculator, using the multiplicative relationship between the place value of digits AC9M4N06develop efficient strategies and use appropriate digital tools for solving problems involving addition and subtraction, and multiplication and division where there is no remainder AC9M4N07choose and use estimation and rounding to check and explain the reasonableness of calculations including the results of financial transactions AC9M4N08use mathematical modelling to solve practical problems involving additive and multiplicative situations including financial contexts; formulate the problems using number sentences and choose efficient calculation strategies, using digital tools where appropriate; interpret and communicate solutions in terms of the situation AC9M4N09follow and create algorithms involving a sequence of steps and decisions that use addition or multiplication to generate sets of numbers; identify and describe any emerging patterns AC9M4P01describe possible everyday events and the possible outcomes of chance experiments and order outcomes or events based on their likelihood of occurring; identify independent or dependent events AC9M4P02conduct repeated chance experiments to observe relationships between outcomes; identify and describe the variation in results AC9M4SP01represent and approximate composite shapes and objects in the environment, using combinations of familiar shapes and objects AC9M4SP02create and interpret grid reference systems using grid references and directions to locate and describe positions and pathways AC9M4SP03recognise line and rotational symmetry of shapes and create symmetrical patterns and pictures, using dynamic geometric software where appropriate AC9M4ST01acquire data for categorical and discrete numerical variables to address a question of interest or purpose, using digital tools; represent data using many-to-one pictographs, column graphs and other displays or visualisations; interpret and discuss the information that has been created AC9M4ST02analyse the effectiveness of different displays or visualisations in illustrating and comparing data distributions, then discuss the shape of distributions and the variation in the data AC9M4ST03conduct statistical investigations, collecting data through survey responses and other methods; record and display data using digital tools; interpret the data and communicate the results

Year 5

AC9E5LA01understand that language is selected for social contexts and that it helps to signal social roles and relationships AC9E5LA02understand how to move beyond making bare assertions by taking account of differing ideas or opinions and authoritative sources AC9E5LA03describe how spoken, written and multimodal texts use language features and are typically organised into characteristic stages and phases, depending on purposes in texts AC9E5LA04understand how texts can be made cohesive by using the starting point of a sentence or paragraph to give prominence to the message and to guide the reader through the text AC9E5LA05understand that the structure of a complex sentence includes a main clause and at least one dependent clause, and understand how writers can use this structure for effect AC9E5LA06understand how noun groups can be expanded in a variety of ways to provide a fuller description of a person, place, thing or idea AC9E5LA07explain how the sequence of images in print, digital and film texts has an effect on meaning AC9E5LA08understand how vocabulary is used to express greater precision of meaning, including through the use of specialist and technical terms, and explore the history of words AC9E5LA09use commas to indicate prepositional phrases, and apostrophes where there is multiple possession AC9E5LE01identify aspects of literary texts that represent details or information about historical, social and cultural contexts in literature by First Nations Australian, and wide-ranging Australian and world authors AC9E5LE02present an opinion on a literary text using specific terms about literary devices, text structures and language features, and reflect on the viewpoints of others AC9E5LE03recognise that the point of view in a literary text influences how readers interpret and respond to events and characters AC9E5LE04examine the effects of imagery, including simile, metaphor and personification, and sound devices in narratives, poetry and songs AC9E5LE05create and edit literary texts, experimenting with figurative language, storylines, characters and settings from texts students have experienced AC9E5LY01describe the ways in which a text reflects the time and place in which it was created AC9E5LY02use appropriate interaction skills including paraphrasing and questioning to clarify meaning, make connections to own experience, and present and justify an opinion or idea AC9E5LY03explain characteristic features used in imaginative, informative and persuasive texts to meet the purpose of the text AC9E5LY04navigate and read texts for specific purposes, monitoring meaning using strategies such as skimming, scanning and confirming AC9E5LY05use comprehension strategies such as visualising, predicting, connecting, summarising, monitoring and questioning to build literal and inferred meaning to evaluate information and ideas AC9E5LY06plan, create, edit and publish written and multimodal texts whose purposes may be imaginative, informative and persuasive, developing ideas using visual features, text structure appropriate to the topic and purpose, text connectives, expanded noun groups, specialist and technical vocabulary, and punctuation including dialogue punctuation AC9E5LY07plan, create, rehearse and deliver spoken and multimodal presentations that include relevant, elaborated ideas, sequencing ideas and using complex sentences, specialist and technical vocabulary, pitch, tone, pace, volume, and visual and digital features AC9E5LY08use phonic, morphemic and vocabulary knowledge to read and spell words that share common letter patterns but have different pronunciations AC9E5LY09build and spell new words from knowledge of known words, base words, prefixes and suffixes, word origins, letter patterns and spelling generalisations AC9E5LY10explore less common plurals, and understand how a suffix changes the meaning or grammatical form of a word AC9M5A01recognise and explain the connection between multiplication and division as inverse operations and use this to develop families of number facts AC9M5A02find unknown values in numerical equations involving multiplication and division using the properties of numbers and operations AC9M5M01choose appropriate metric units when measuring the length, mass and capacity of objects; use smaller units or a combination of units to obtain a more accurate measure AC9M5M02solve practical problems involving the perimeter and area of regular and irregular shapes using appropriate metric units AC9M5M03compare 12- and 24-hour time systems and solve practical problems involving the conversion between them AC9M5M04estimate, construct and measure angles in degrees, using appropriate tools including a protractor, and relate these measures to angle names AC9M5N01interpret, compare and order numbers with more than 2 decimal places, including numbers greater than one, using place value understanding; represent these on a number line AC9M5N010create and use algorithms involving a sequence of steps and decisions and digital tools to experiment with factors, multiples and divisibility; identify, interpret and describe emerging patterns AC9M5N02express natural numbers as products of their factors, recognise multiples and determine if one number is divisible by another AC9M5N03compare and order fractions with the same and related denominators including mixed numerals, applying knowledge of factors and multiples; represent these fractions on a number line AC9M5N04recognise that 100% represents the complete whole and use percentages to describe, represent and compare relative size; connect familiar percentages to their decimal and fraction equivalents AC9M5N05solve problems involving addition and subtraction of fractions with the same or related denominators, using different strategies AC9M5N06solve problems involving multiplication of larger numbers by one- or two-digit numbers, choosing efficient calculation strategies and using digital tools where appropriate; check the reasonableness of answers AC9M5N07solve problems involving division, choosing efficient strategies and using digital tools where appropriate; interpret any remainder according to the context and express results as a whole number, decimal or fraction AC9M5N08check and explain the reasonableness of solutions to problems including financial contexts using estimation strategies appropriate to the context AC9M5N09use mathematical modelling to solve practical problems involving additive and multiplicative situations including financial contexts; formulate the problems, choosing operations and efficient calculation strategies, using digital tools where appropriate; interpret and communicate solutions in terms of the situation AC9M5P01list the possible outcomes of chance experiments involving equally likely outcomes and compare to those which are not equally likely AC9M5P02conduct repeated chance experiments including those with and without equally likely outcomes, observe and record the results; use frequency to compare outcomes and estimate their likelihoods AC9M5SP01connect objects to their nets and build objects from their nets using spatial and geometric reasoning AC9M5SP02construct a grid coordinate system that uses coordinates to locate positions within a space; use coordinates and directional language to describe position and movement AC9M5SP03describe and perform translations, reflections and rotations of shapes, using dynamic geometric software where appropriate; recognise what changes and what remains the same, and identify any symmetries AC9M5ST01acquire, validate and represent data for nominal and ordinal categorical and discrete numerical variables, to address a question of interest or purpose using software including spreadsheets; discuss and report on data distributions in terms of highest frequency (mode) and shape, in the context of the data AC9M5ST02interpret line graphs representing change over time; discuss the relationships that are represented and conclusions that can be made AC9M5ST03plan and conduct statistical investigations by posing questions or identifying a problem and collecting relevant data; choose appropriate displays and interpret the data; communicate findings within the context of the investigation

Year 6

AC9E6LA01understand that language varies as levels of formality and social distance increase AC9E6LA02understand the uses of objective and subjective language, and identify bias AC9E6LA03explain how texts across the curriculum are typically organised into characteristic stages and phases depending on purposes, recognising how authors often adapt text structures and language features AC9E6LA04understand that cohesion can be created by the intentional use of repetition, and the use of word associations AC9E6LA05understand how embedded clauses can expand the variety of complex sentences to elaborate, extend and explain ideas AC9E6LA06understand how ideas can be expanded and sharpened through careful choice of verbs, elaborated tenses and a range of adverb groups AC9E6LA07identify and explain how images, figures, tables, diagrams, maps and graphs contribute to meaning AC9E6LA08identify authors’ use of vivid, emotive vocabulary, such as metaphors, similes, personification, idioms, imagery and hyperbole AC9E6LA09understand how to use the comma for lists, to separate a dependent clause from an independent clause, and in dialogue AC9E6LE01identify responses to characters and events in literary texts, drawn from historical, social or cultural contexts, by First Nations Australian, and wide-ranging Australian and world authors AC9E6LE02identify similarities and differences in literary texts on similar topics, themes or plots AC9E6LE03identify and explain characteristics that define an author's individual style AC9E6LE04explain the way authors use sound and imagery to create meaning and effect in poetry AC9E6LE05create and edit literary texts that adapt plot structure, characters, settings and/or ideas from texts students have experienced, and experiment with literary devices AC9E6LY01examine texts including media texts that represent ideas and events, and identify how they reflect the context in which they were created AC9E6LY02use interaction skills and awareness of formality when paraphrasing, questioning, clarifying and interrogating ideas, developing and supporting arguments, and sharing and evaluating information, experiences and opinions AC9E6LY03analyse how text structures and language features work together to meet the purpose of a text, and engage and influence audiences AC9E6LY04select, navigate and read texts for a range of purposes, monitoring meaning and evaluating the use of structural features; for example, table of contents, glossary, chapters, headings and subheadings AC9E6LY05use comprehension strategies such as visualising, predicting, connecting, summarising, monitoring and questioning to build literal and inferred meaning, and to connect and compare content from a variety of sources AC9E6LY06plan, create, edit and publish written and multimodal texts whose purposes may be imaginative, informative and persuasive, using paragraphs, a variety of complex sentences, expanded verb groups, tense, topic-specific and vivid vocabulary, punctuation, spelling and visual features AC9E6LY07plan, create, rehearse and deliver spoken and multimodal presentations that include information, arguments and details that develop a theme or idea, organising ideas using precise topic-specific and technical vocabulary, pitch, tone, pace, volume, and visual and digital features AC9E6LY08use phonic knowledge of common and less common grapheme–phoneme relationships to read and write increasingly complex words AC9E6LY09use knowledge of known words, word origins including some Latin and Greek roots, base words, prefixes, suffixes, letter patterns and spelling generalisations to spell new words including technical words AC9M6A01recognise and use rules that generate visually growing patterns and number patterns involving rational numbers AC9M6A02find unknown values in numerical equations involving brackets and combinations of arithmetic operations, using the properties of numbers and operations AC9M6A03create and use algorithms involving a sequence of steps and decisions that use rules to generate sets of numbers; identify, interpret and explain emerging patterns AC9M6M01convert between common metric units of length, mass and capacity; choose and use decimal representations of metric measurements relevant to the context of a problem AC9M6M02establish the formula for the area of a rectangle and use it to solve practical problems AC9M6M03interpret and use timetables and itineraries to plan activities and determine the duration of events and journeys AC9M6M04identify the relationships between angles on a straight line, angles at a point and vertically opposite angles; use these to determine unknown angles, communicating reasoning AC9M6N01recognise situations, including financial contexts, that use integers; locate and represent integers on a number line and as coordinates on the Cartesian plane AC9M6N02identify and describe the properties of prime, composite and square numbers and use these properties to solve problems and simplify calculations AC9M6N03apply knowledge of equivalence to compare, order and represent common fractions including halves, thirds and quarters on the same number line and justify their order AC9M6N04apply knowledge of place value to add and subtract decimals, using digital tools where appropriate; use estimation and rounding to check the reasonableness of answers AC9M6N05solve problems involving addition and subtraction of fractions using knowledge of equivalent fractions AC9M6N06multiply and divide decimals by multiples of powers of 10 without a calculator, applying knowledge of place value and proficiency with multiplication facts; using estimation and rounding to check the reasonableness of answers AC9M6N07solve problems that require finding a familiar fraction, decimal or percentage of a quantity, including percentage discounts, choosing efficient calculation strategies and using digital tools where appropriate AC9M6N08approximate numerical solutions to problems involving rational numbers and percentages, including financial contexts, using appropriate estimation strategies AC9M6N09use mathematical modelling to solve practical problems involving natural and rational numbers and percentages, including in financial contexts; formulate the problems, choosing operations and efficient calculation strategies, and using digital tools where appropriate; interpret and communicate solutions in terms of the situation, justifying the choices made AC9M6P01recognise that probabilities lie on numerical scales of 0 – 1 or 0% – 100% and use estimation to assign probabilities that events occur in a given context, using common fractions, percentages and decimals AC9M6P02conduct repeated chance experiments and run simulations with an increasing number of trials using digital tools; compare observations with expected results and discuss the effect on variation of increasing the number of trials AC9M6SP01compare the parallel cross-sections of objects and recognise their relationships to right prisms AC9M6SP02locate points in the 4 quadrants of a Cartesian plane; describe changes to the coordinates when a point is moved to a different position in the plane AC9M6SP03recognise and use combinations of transformations to create tessellations and other geometric patterns, using dynamic geometric software where appropriate AC9M6ST01interpret and compare data sets for ordinal and nominal categorical, discrete and continuous numerical variables using comparative displays or visualisations and digital tools; compare distributions in terms of mode, range and shape AC9M6ST02identify statistically informed arguments presented in traditional and digital media; discuss and critique methods, data representations and conclusions AC9M6ST03plan and conduct statistical investigations by posing and refining questions or identifying a problem and collecting relevant data; analyse and interpret the data and communicate findings within the context of the investigation

Year 7

AC9E7LA01understand how language expresses and creates personal and social identities AC9E7LA02recognise language used to evaluate texts including visual and multimodal texts, and how evaluations of a text can be substantiated by reference to the text and other sources AC9E7LA03identify and describe how texts are structured differently depending on their purpose and how language features vary in texts AC9E7LA04understand that the cohesion of texts relies on devices that signal structure and guide readers, such as overviews and initial and concluding paragraphs AC9E7LA05understand how complex and compound-complex sentences can be used to elaborate, extend and explain ideas AC9E7LA06understand how consistency of tense through verbs and verb groups achieves clarity in sentences AC9E7LA07analyse how techniques such as vectors, angle and/or social distance in visual texts can be used to create a perspective AC9E7LA08investigate the role of vocabulary in building specialist and technical knowledge, including terms that have both everyday and technical meanings AC9E7LA09understand the use of punctuation including colons and brackets to support meaning AC9E7LE01identify and explore ideas, points of view, characters, events and/or issues in literary texts, drawn from historical, social and/or cultural contexts, by First Nations Australian, and wide-ranging Australian and world authors AC9E7LE02form an opinion about characters, settings and events in texts, identifying areas of agreement and difference with others’ opinions and justifying a response AC9E7LE03explain the ways that literary devices and language features such as dialogue, and images are used to create character, and to influence emotions and opinions in different types of texts AC9E7LE04discuss the aesthetic and social value of literary texts using relevant and appropriate metalanguage AC9E7LE05identify and explain the ways that characters, settings and events combine to create meaning in narratives AC9E7LE06identify and explain how literary devices create layers of meaning in texts including poetry AC9E7LE07create and edit literary texts that experiment with language features and literary devices encountered in texts AC9E7LY01explain the effect of current technology on reading, creating and responding to texts including media texts AC9E7LY02use interaction skills when discussing and presenting ideas and information including evaluations of the features of spoken texts AC9E7LY03analyse the ways in which language features shape meaning and vary according to audience and purpose AC9E7LY04explain the structure of ideas such as the use of taxonomies, cause and effect, extended metaphors and chronology AC9E7LY05use comprehension strategies such as visualising, predicting, connecting, summarising, monitoring, questioning and inferring to analyse and summarise information and ideas AC9E7LY06plan, create, edit and publish written and multimodal texts, selecting subject matter, and using text structures, language features, literary devices and visual features as appropriate to convey information, ideas and opinions in ways that may be imaginative, reflective, informative, persuasive and/or analytical AC9E7LY07plan, create, rehearse and deliver presentations for purposes and audiences in ways that may be imaginative, reflective, informative, persuasive and/or analytical, by selecting text structures, language features, literary devices and visual features, and using features of voice including volume, tone, pitch and pace AC9E7LY08understand how to use spelling rules and word origins; for example, Greek and Latin roots, base words, suffixes, prefixes and spelling patterns to learn new words and how to spell them AC9M7A01recognise and use variables to represent everyday formulas algebraically and substitute values into formulas to determine an unknown AC9M7A02formulate algebraic expressions using constants, variables, operations and brackets AC9M7A03solve one-variable linear equations with natural number solutions; verify the solution by substitution AC9M7A04describe relationships between variables represented in graphs of functions from authentic data AC9M7A05generate tables of values from visually growing patterns or the rule of a function; describe and plot these relationships on the Cartesian plane AC9M7A06manipulate formulas involving several variables using digital tools, and describe the effect of systematic variation in the values of the variables AC9M7M01solve problems involving the area of triangles and parallelograms using established formulas and appropriate units AC9M7M02solve problems involving the volume of right prisms including rectangular and triangular prisms, using established formulas and appropriate units AC9M7M03describe the relationship between \(π\) and the features of circles including the circumference, radius and diameter AC9M7M04identify corresponding, alternate and co-interior relationships between angles formed when parallel lines are crossed by a transversal; use them to solve problems and explain reasons AC9M7M05demonstrate that the interior angle sum of a triangle in the plane is 180° and apply this to determine the interior angle sum of other shapes and the size of unknown angles AC9M7M06use mathematical modelling to solve practical problems involving ratios; formulate problems, interpret and communicate solutions in terms of the situation, justifying choices made about the representation AC9M7N01describe the relationship between perfect square numbers and square roots, and use squares of numbers and square roots of perfect square numbers to solve problems AC9M7N02represent natural numbers as products of powers of prime numbers using exponent notation AC9M7N03represent natural numbers in expanded notation using place value and powers of 10 AC9M7N04find equivalent representations of rational numbers and represent rational numbers on a number line AC9M7N05round decimals to a given accuracy appropriate to the context and use appropriate rounding and estimation to check the reasonableness of solutions AC9M7N06use the 4 operations with positive rational numbers including fractions, decimals and percentages to solve problems using efficient calculation strategies AC9M7N07compare, order and solve problems involving addition and subtraction of integers AC9M7N08recognise, represent and solve problems involving ratios AC9M7N09use mathematical modelling to solve practical problems, involving rational numbers and percentages, including financial contexts; formulate problems, choosing representations and efficient calculation strategies, using digital tools as appropriate; interpret and communicate solutions in terms of the situation, justifying choices made about the representation AC9M7P01identify the sample space for single-stage events; assign probabilities to the outcomes of these events and predict relative frequencies for related events AC9M7P02conduct repeated chance experiments and run simulations with a large number of trials using digital tools; compare predictions about outcomes with observed results, explaining the differences AC9M7SP01represent objects in 2 dimensions; discuss and reason about the advantages and disadvantages of different representations AC9M7SP02classify triangles, quadrilaterals and other polygons according to their side and angle properties; identify and reason about relationships AC9M7SP03describe transformations of a set of points using coordinates in the Cartesian plane, translations and reflections on an axis, and rotations about a given point AC9M7SP04design and create algorithms involving a sequence of steps and decisions that will sort and classify sets of shapes according to their attributes, and describe how the algorithms work AC9M7ST01acquire data sets for discrete and continuous numerical variables and calculate the range, median, mean and mode; make and justify decisions about which measures of central tendency provide useful insights into the nature of the distribution of data AC9M7ST02create different types of numerical data displays including stem-and-leaf plots using software where appropriate; describe and compare the distribution of data, commenting on the shape, centre and spread including outliers and determining the range, median, mean and mode AC9M7ST03plan and conduct statistical investigations involving data for discrete and continuous numerical variables; analyse and interpret distributions of data and report findings in terms of shape and summary statistics